Advantages and Drawbacks of Ruthenium-Iridium Titan Anodes

Titanium anodes boast excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, long service lives compared to lead anodes (with up to 4000 hours stably working for anode production at home and abroad), low costs and will become an integral component in electroplating zinc and tin steel sheet production worldwide. Titanium electrodes are currently utilized by manufacturers in Japan, the US, Germany and China - saving energy during electroplating operations while creating conditions conducive for thick galvanized/tin steel sheets production through increased plating current density which allows production.

Classification of Titanium Anodes In general, titanium anodes can be classified based on their electrochemical reaction in terms of anode precipitation gas to distinguish them. According to electrochemical reaction in anode precipitation gas to differentiate, precipitation of chlorine gas is known as precipitation of chlorine anode; while precipitation of oxygen anodes containing iridium-coated titanium electrode and platinum titanium mesh/plate can produce oxygen anodes;

1)Anode for chlorine analysis（Ruthenium coated titanium electrode） such as those coated with ruthenium are termed chlorination anodes with high chloride content in electrolyte environments like hydrochloric acid or seawater electrolysis environments produce chlorination anodes which come in various shapes such as our company's products of ruthenium-iridium titanium anodes or even ruthenium-iridium tin titanium anodes for electrolysis of seawater/salt water environments; the products of our company produce both types.

2) Oxygen Separation Anode (iridium coated titanium electrode): Our company offers several anode products suitable for this electrolytic environment: Iridium-tantalum anodes, Iridium-tantalum-tin-titanium anodes and High Iridium Titanium anodes are among them.

3)Platinum-coated anode: titanium forms the base material. A layer of platinum plating covers its surface; coating thickness typically ranges between 0.5-5mm with 12.5x4.5mm or 6x3.5mm mesh specifications being used as specifications for these anodes.
Ruthenium-iridium titanium anodes have a finite lifespan in electrolytic operation, where voltage spikes become excessive but no current passes through, thus becoming inoperable - this phenomenon is known as anode passivation.

2. Explaining Ruthenium-Iridium Titanium Anode Passivation
Ruthenium-Iridium titanium anode passivation has many causes. Here are just a few:
(1) Coating Flaking
Titanium ruthenium iridium titanium anodes consist of a titanium matrix and an active coating composed of ruthenium iridium titanium; its electrochemical reaction depends solely on this coating; should it not be strong enough to stay attached, the titanium matrix could fall away and this cause its demise as an anode (known by various terms including crush-like shedding, convex belly layer peeling or cracking type shedding).
Unfortunately, though, life doesn't work that way! At least when it comes to our health. Conductive oxide film (TiO2) leads to reverse resistance; or electrolyte invasion through cracks in the coating, leading to gradual oxidization of titanium substrate, while corrosion of active coating interface corrodes off, increasing potential and thus dissolving coating further while also contributing to substrate oxidization.
Reduce oxygen and increase current density to reduce oxide film generation. As current density increases, chlorine generation increases far more than that of oxygen production; hence the increased chlorine generation allows the reduction in oxygen content in chlorine. Titanium substrate preoxidization forms an oxide film which strengthens bond between active coating and substrate to prevent dissolution and sheddring of ruthenium-iridium-titanium anodes while also increasing their ohmic drop.
(4) Oxide Saturation
Active coatings consist of non-chemometric RuO2- and TiO2, both oxygen-deficient oxides. The more such oxides there are, the greater will be the number of active centers and therefore activity at a ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode. Electrical conductivity for such an anodes comes from heat treatment of RuO2 and TiO2 crystal types of the same crystal type to generate distorted n-type mixed crystals with oxygen vacancies; when these gaps are filled quickly enough, overpotential rises rapidly leading to passivation.